What type of water-cooled condenser is the most basic design in which the inner tube is straight making it cheaper to manufacture?

• A. Liebig Condenser
• B. Allihn Condenser
• C. Dimroth Condenser
• D. Graham Condenser

Answer: (A)

This question is about how condenser designs differ in internal geometry and manufacturing cost. The straight-tube design is the simplest water-cooled condenser: it uses a single, straight inner tube inside a water jacket. Because there are no bends, bulges, or multiple small tubes to fabricate, it’s cheaper and quicker to manufacture while still providing effective cooling.

Other condensers add features to boost surface area and cooling efficiency—bulbs along the inner tube (Allihn), bundles of small tubes or complex internal paths (Graham and Dimroth). These enhancements improve condensation performance but require more material, machining, and assembly, driving up cost. Therefore, the straight inner-tube Liebig condenser is considered the most basic and cheapest design.